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Python Operators

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🐍 Python Operators

Operators in Python are used to perform operations on variables and values.

Python has 7 types of operators:

  1. Arithmetic Operators

  2. Assignment Operators

  3. Comparison (Relational) Operators

  4. Logical Operators

  5. Identity Operators

  6. Membership Operators

  7. Bitwise Operators

1️⃣ Arithmetic Operators

Used for mathematical calculations.

Operator Meaning Example
+ Addition 10 + 5 → 15
- Subtraction 10 - 5 → 5
* Multiplication 10 * 5 → 50
/ Division 10 / 5 → 2.0
% Modulus (remainder) 10 % 3 → 1
// Floor Division 10 // 3 → 3
** Power 2 ** 3 → 8

Example:

a = 10
b = 3print(a + b)
print(a – b)
print(a * b)
print(a / b)
print(a % b)
print(a // b)
print(a ** b)

2️⃣ Assignment Operators

Used to assign and update variables.

Operator Meaning Example
= Assign value x = 10
+= Add and assign x += 5 → x = x + 5
-= Subtract and assign x -= 5
*= Multiply and assign x *= 5
/= Divide and assign x /= 5
//=, %=, **= Other combinations

Example:

x = 10
x += 5
print(x) # 15

3️⃣ Comparison Operators

Used to compare values — result is True or False.

Operator Meaning Example
== Equal to 5 == 5 → True
!= Not equal 5 != 2 → True
> Greater than 5 > 2 → True
< Less than 5 < 2 → False
>= Greater or equal 5 >= 5 → True
<= Less or equal 3 <= 5 → True

Example:

print(10 == 10)
print(10 < 5)
print(10 >= 9)

4️⃣ Logical Operators

Used to combine conditions.

Operator Meaning
and True if both are True
or True if at least one is True
not Reverses True ↔ False

Example:

a = 10
b = 5print(a > 5 and b < 2) # False
print(a > 5 or b < 2) # True
print(not(a > 5)) # False

5️⃣ Identity Operators

Used to compare memory locations, not values.

Operator Meaning
is True if objects are same memory reference
is not False if objects are same

Example:

x = [1,2,3]
y = [1,2,3]
z = xprint(x is z) # True
print(x is y) # False
print(x == y) # True (values equal)

6️⃣ Membership Operators

Used to check if a value exists in sequence (string, list, tuple, etc.)

Operator Meaning
in True if value exists
not in True if does NOT exist

Example:

text = "Python"
print("Py" in text) # True
print("Java" not in text) # True

7️⃣ Bitwise Operators (Advanced)

Works on bits (0,1).

Operator Meaning Example
& AND 5 & 3 → 1
OR
^ XOR 5 ^ 3 → 6
~ NOT ~5 → -6
<< Left shift 2 << 1 → 4
>> Right shift 4 >> 1 → 2

Example:

print(5 & 3)
print(5 | 3)
print(5 ^ 3)
print(2 << 1)
print(4 >> 1)

🎯 Operator Precedence (Order of Execution)

Like math rules (BODMAS):

Highest → Lowest:

1. () Parentheses
2. ** Exponent
3. *, /, //, %
4. +, -
5. Comparison
6. not
7. and
8. or

Example:

x = 10 + 3 * 2 ** 2
print(x) # 22

⭐ Mini Real Example

username = "admin"
password = "1234"if username == “admin” and password == “1234”:
print(“Login Successful!”)
else:
print(“Invalid credentials”)

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Sanjit Sinha — Web Developer | PHP • Laravel • CodeIgniter • MySQL • Bootstrap Founder, CodeCapsule — Student projects & practical coding guides. Email: info@codecapsule.in • Website: CodeCapsule.in

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