C++ Operators

➗ C++ Operators

Operators wo symbols hote hain jo values aur variables par operations perform karte hain, jaise addition, comparison, logic, etc.

🔹 1. Arithmetic Operators

Operator Meaning Example
+ Addition a + b
- Subtraction a - b
* Multiplication a * b
/ Division a / b
% Modulus a % b

Example:

int a = 10, b = 3;
cout << a + b << endl; // 13
cout << a % b; // 1

🔹 2. Assignment Operators

Operator Example Meaning
= a = 5 Assign
+= a += 3 a = a + 3
-= a -= 2 a = a – 2
*= a *= 2 a = a * 2
/= a /= 2 a = a / 2

🔹 3. Relational (Comparison) Operators

Operator Example Result
== a == b Equal
!= a != b Not equal
> a > b Greater
< a < b Smaller
>= a >= b Greater or equal
<= a <= b Smaller or equal

🔹 4. Logical Operators

Operator Meaning Example
&& AND a > 5 && b < 10
! NOT !true

🔹 5. Increment / Decrement Operators

int x = 5;
x++; // 6
x--; // 5

Pre vs Post

int a = 5;
cout << ++a; // 6
cout << a++; // 6 (then a = 7)

🔹 6. Bitwise Operators

Operator Meaning
& AND
^ XOR
~ NOT
<< Left shift
>> Right shift

🔹 7. Ternary Operator

int a = 10, b = 20;
int max = (a > b) ? a : b;

🔹 8. sizeof Operator

cout << sizeof(int);

🔹 9. Comma Operator

int x = (5, 10);
cout << x; // 10

❌ Common Mistakes

if (a = b) // ❌ assignment instead of comparison

✔ Correct:

if (a == b)

📌 Summary

  • Operators perform operations

  • Arithmetic, Logical, Relational most common

  • Ternary is shorthand if-else

  • Be careful with = vs ==

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