C++ Strings

🧵 C++ Strings

C++ mein String ka use text (multiple characters) store karne ke liye hota hai.
Modern C++ mein hum zyada tar string class (STL) ka use karte hain, jo safe aur easy hoti hai.

 1. string Declare & Initialize

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;int main() {
string name = “Sanjit”;
cout << name;
return 0;
}

🔹 2. String Input (Single Word)

string city;
cin >> city;

⚠️ cin space ke baad input nahi leta
Input: New Delhi
Output: New

🔹 3. Full Line Input (getline)

string fullName;
getline(cin, fullName);

✔ Space ke saath complete line read karta hai

🔹 4. cin + getline Problem & Fix

int age;
string name;cin >> age;
getline(cin, name); // ❌ skip ho jayega

✔ Correct:

cin >> age;
cin.ignore();
getline(cin, name);

🔹 5. String Length

string text = "Hello";
cout << text.length(); // 5

Ya:

cout << text.size();

🔹 6. String Concatenation (Join Strings)

string a = "Hello";
string b = "World";string c = a + ” “ + b;
cout << c;

Output:

Hello World

🔹 7. Access String Characters

string name = "Ram";
cout << name[0]; // R

🔹 8. Modify String Character

name[0] = 'S';
cout << name; // Sam

🔹 9. Common String Functions

string s = "Programming";

cout << s.empty(); // 0 (false)
cout << s.find(“gram”); // position
cout << s.substr(0, 7); // Program

🔹 10. String Comparison

string a = "abc";
string b = "abc";if (a == b) {
cout << “Equal”;
}

🔹 11. Loop Through String

string s = "C++";

for (char c : s) {
cout << c << ” “;
}

❌ Common Mistakes

string name = 'Ram'; // ❌ wrong

✔ Correct:

string name = "Ram";

📌 Summary

  • string multiple characters store karta hai

  • getline() space handle karta hai

  • length() / size() se length milti hai

  • Easy, safe & powerful compared to char arrays

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