C Compiler & Linking Process C programs go through several stages before becoming an executable. Understanding this helps in debugging, organizing code, and optimizing compilation. 📌 C Program Compilation Stages When you run gcc...
C Fixed Width Integers Fixed-width integers were introduced in C99 to ensure variables always have a predictable size (in bits), regardless of system or compiler differences. For example, on one system an int may...
C Bitwise Operators Bitwise operators in C allow you to manipulate individual bits of integers. They are commonly used in: ✔ Low-level programming✔ Embedded systems✔ Network programming✔ Performance-critical code✔ Device drivers and microcontrollers These...
C Storage Classes Storage classes in C define the scope, lifetime, and visibility of variables and functions within a program. They tell the compiler: ✔ Where the variable is stored✔ How long the variable...
C Organize Code As C projects grow, organizing code becomes essential to maintain readability, reusability, and easy debugging.Instead of writing everything in a single .c file, larger programs are divided into: ✔ Source files...
C Preprocessor and Macros The C Preprocessor runs before the actual compilation of the program.It processes instructions beginning with the # symbol, called preprocessor directives. These directives help include files, define constants, create macros,...
C Random Numbers In C, random numbers are generated using functions from the <stdlib.h> library.To make results less predictable, we often combine them with time() from <time.h>. 📌 Functions Used Function Purpose rand() Generates...
C Date and Time In C programming, working with date and time is done using functions defined in the <time.h> library. This library allows you to: Get the current date and time Format date/time...
🛡️ C Input Validation Input validation ensures that the user enters correct, safe, and expected values.It prevents: Runtime errors Crashes Unexpected behavior Security issues Since C does not automatically validate input, programmers must manually...
⚠️ C Error Handling Unlike some modern languages, C does not have built-in exception handling (like try-catch).Instead, C uses several alternative mechanisms for detecting and managing errors manually. 🔹 Methods of Error Handling in...
