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Java Math

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Java Math

Java provides a built-in class called Math in the java.lang package which contains methods for performing mathematical operations like rounding, finding max/min values, square root, powers, random numbers, etc.

You can use Math methods directly without creating an object.

✅ 1. Math.max() and Math.min()

Used to find the largest or smallest between two numbers.

System.out.println(Math.max(10, 20)); // 20
System.out.println(Math.min(10, 20)); // 10

✅ 2. Math.sqrt()

Returns the square root.

System.out.println(Math.sqrt(25)); // 5.0

✅ 3. Math.abs()

Returns absolute (positive) value.

System.out.println(Math.abs(-10)); // 10

✅ 4. Math.pow()

Returns value raised to a power.

System.out.println(Math.pow(2, 3)); // 8.0 (2^3)

✅ 5. Math.round(), Math.ceil(), Math.floor()

Method Description Example
round() Rounds to nearest integer Math.round(4.6) → 5
ceil() Always rounds up Math.ceil(4.1) → 5
floor() Always rounds down Math.floor(4.9) → 4
System.out.println(Math.round(4.6));
System.out.println(Math.ceil(4.1));
System.out.println(Math.floor(4.9));

✅ 6. Math.random()

Generates a random number between 0.0 and 1.0.

System.out.println(Math.random());

Generate random numbers in a range:

➡️ Random number between 0 and 100:

int randomNum = (int)(Math.random() * 101);
System.out.println(randomNum);

✅ 7. Math.PI and Math.E

Constants for mathematical values:

System.out.println(Math.PI); // 3.141592653589793
System.out.println(Math.E); // 2.718281828...

✅ 8. Trigonometric Functions

Available methods:

Method Meaning
sin() Sine
cos() Cosine
tan() Tangent

Example:

System.out.println(Math.sin(30));

⭐ Full Example Using Math Methods

public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Max: " + Math.max(10, 20));
System.out.println("Min: " + Math.min(10, 20));
System.out.println("Square Root: " + Math.sqrt(16));
System.out.println("Power: " + Math.pow(2, 5));
System.out.println("Absolute: " + Math.abs(-50));
System.out.println("Rounded: " + Math.round(5.7));
System.out.println("Random (0-100): " + (int)(Math.random() * 101));
}
}

📌 Summary Table

Feature Example Output
Max Value Math.max(10,20) 20
Min Value Math.min(10,20) 10
Power Math.pow(2,3) 8
Square Root Math.sqrt(25) 5
Random Math.random() 0–1 range
Round Up Math.ceil(4.3) 5
Round Down Math.floor(4.9) 4

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Sanjit Sinha — Web Developer | PHP • Laravel • CodeIgniter • MySQL • Bootstrap Founder, CodeCapsule — Student projects & practical coding guides. Email: info@codecapsule.in • Website: CodeCapsule.in

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