JavaScript ES7

JavaScript ES7+ Features (ES2016+)

After ES6, JavaScript ES7 introduced several new features every year. ES7 and above focus on making code simpler, cleaner, and more powerful.

 Exponentiation Operator (**) – ES7

• Replaces Math.pow() for calculating powers.

Equivalent:

 Array.prototype.includes() – ES7

• Checks if an array contains a value (returns true/false).

Works for strings too:

 Object.values() and Object.entries() – ES8

• Object.values(obj) – Returns array of values

• Object.entries(obj) – Returns array of [key, value] pairs

 String Padding – ES8

• padStart() – Adds characters at the start

• padEnd() – Adds characters at the end

 Trailing Commas in Functions / Arrays / Objects – ES8

 Async/Await – ES8

• Already covered in detail.

• Makes Promise-based code easier to read.

 Object Spread / Rest Properties – ES9 (2018)

• Spread (...) – Copy or merge objects

• Rest (...) – Extract remaining properties

 Optional Chaining (?.) – ES11 (2020)

• Access nested object properties safely without errors.

 Nullish Coalescing (??) – ES11 (2020)

• Returns the right-hand value only if left-hand is null or undefined.

 BigInt – ES2020

• Store very large integers beyond Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER.

 Dynamic Imports – ES2020

• Load modules on-demand using import().

 Logical Assignment Operators – ES2021

Summary Table