MySQL CASE Statement

MySQL CASE Statement

The CASE statement in MySQL is used to return conditional values in a query.
It works like an IF-THEN-ELSE statement and is commonly used in SELECT, UPDATE, or ORDER BY clauses.

🔹 Syntax (Simple CASE)

• Compares a column to specific values.

• Returns the corresponding result.

• ELSE is optional; if not specified, it returns NULL.

🔹 Syntax (Searched CASE)

• Evaluates conditions instead of exact values.

• More flexible than simple CASE.

🧠 Example Table: students

🔹 Example 1: Assign Grades (Simple CASE)

🔹 Example 2: Assign Grades (Searched CASE)

Result:

✅ Notice: The searched CASE evaluates ranges using conditions.

🔹 Key Points

1. CASE returns a value based on conditions.

2. Can be used in SELECT, UPDATE, ORDER BY, or WHERE clauses.

3. Supports Simple CASE (exact match) and Searched CASE (conditions).

4. ELSE provides a default value if no condition matches; otherwise returns NULL.