PHP Exceptions

⚠️ PHP Exceptions Tutorial

In PHP, exceptions are used to handle runtime errors in a structured way. Exceptions allow you to catch and handle errors gracefully instead of letting the script crash.

1️⃣ Basic Try-Catch

<?php
try {
// Code that may throw an exception
$num = 10;
if($num > 5) {
throw new Exception("Number is greater than 5!");
}
echo "Number is $num";
} catch(Exception $e) {
// Handle the exception
echo "Caught exception: " . $e->getMessage();
}
?>

<?php

try {

// Code that may throw an exception

$num = 10;

if($num > 5) {

throw new Exception("Number is greater than 5!");

}

echo "Number is $num";

} catch(Exception $e) {

// Handle the exception

echo "Caught exception: " . $e->getMessage();

}

Output:

✅ throw is used to generate an exception.
✅ catch is used to handle the exception.

2️⃣ Multiple Catch Blocks (PHP 7+)

You can catch different exception types separately:

<?php
try {
$file = "data.txt";
if(!file_exists($file)) {
throw new Exception("File not found!");
}
$num = 10;
if($num > 5) {
throw new InvalidArgumentException("Number too large!");
}
} catch(InvalidArgumentException $e) {
echo "InvalidArgumentException: " . $e->getMessage();
} catch(Exception $e) {
echo "Exception: " . $e->getMessage();
}
?>

<?php

try {

$file = "data.txt";

if(!file_exists($file)) {

throw new Exception("File not found!");

}

$num = 10;

if($num > 5) {

throw new InvalidArgumentException("Number too large!");

}

} catch(InvalidArgumentException $e) {

echo "InvalidArgumentException: " . $e->getMessage();

} catch(Exception $e) {

echo "Exception: " . $e->getMessage();

}

Specific exceptions should come before general Exception.

3️⃣ Using `finally` Block

The finally block executes regardless of whether an exception occurred:

Output:

4️⃣ Creating Custom Exceptions

You can create your own exception class:

✅ Useful for application-specific errors.

5️⃣ Exception Methods

Method	Description
`$e->getMessage()`	Returns error message
`$e->getCode()`	Returns exception code
`$e->getFile()`	Returns file where exception occurred
`$e->getLine()`	Returns line number
`$e->getTrace()`	Returns stack trace as array
`$e->getTraceAsString()`	Returns stack trace as string

Example:

<?php
try {
throw new Exception("Error!", 101);
} catch(Exception $e) {
echo "Error Message: " . $e->getMessage() . "<br>";
echo "Error Code: " . $e->getCode() . "<br>";
echo "File: " . $e->getFile() . "<br>";
echo "Line: " . $e->getLine() . "<br>";
}
?>

<?php

try {

throw new Exception("Error!", 101);

} catch(Exception $e) {

echo "Error Message: " . $e->getMessage() . "<br>";

echo "Error Code: " . $e->getCode() . "<br>";

echo "File: " . $e->getFile() . "<br>";

echo "Line: " . $e->getLine() . "<br>";

}

6️⃣ Key Points

Exceptions are object-oriented error handling.
Use try for risky code, catch to handle exceptions.
finally executes always, even if no exception occurred.
Create custom exception classes for application-specific errors.
Exception methods provide detailed debugging information.

PHP Exceptions

⚠️ PHP Exceptions Tutorial

1️⃣ Basic Try-Catch

2️⃣ Multiple Catch Blocks (PHP 7+)

3️⃣ Using `finally` Block

4️⃣ Creating Custom Exceptions

5️⃣ Exception Methods

6️⃣ Key Points

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PHP Exceptions

⚠️ PHP Exceptions Tutorial

1️⃣ Basic Try-Catch

2️⃣ Multiple Catch Blocks (PHP 7+)

3️⃣ Using finally Block

4️⃣ Creating Custom Exceptions

5️⃣ Exception Methods

6️⃣ Key Points

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3️⃣ Using `finally` Block