R Introduction

R Tutorial

📘 R Introduction

R is a powerful programming language and software environment mainly used for statistics, data analysis, and data visualization.
It is widely used by data analysts, statisticians, researchers, and data scientists.

1️⃣ What is R?

  • R is an open-source programming language

  • Designed for statistical computing & graphics

  • Developed by Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman

  • Based on the S programming language

📌 R is both:

  • a language

  • a software environment

2️⃣ Why Use R?

✔ Excellent for data analysis
✔ Powerful statistical functions
✔ High-quality graphs & charts
✔ Huge collection of packages
✔ Free & open source

3️⃣ Where is R Used?

  • 📊 Data Analysis

  • 📈 Statistics & Mathematics

  • 🤖 Machine Learning

  • 🧬 Bioinformatics

  • 📉 Finance & Economics

  • 📑 Research & Academia

4️⃣ Features of R ⭐

  • Interpreted language

  • Vectorized operations (fast calculations)

  • Built-in plotting tools

  • Rich package ecosystem (CRAN)

  • Works on Windows, Linux, macOS

5️⃣ R vs Other Languages (Quick View)

Feature R Python Excel
Data analysis ⭐⭐⭐⭐ ⭐⭐⭐ ⭐⭐
Statistics ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ ⭐⭐⭐ ⭐⭐
Visualization ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ ⭐⭐⭐⭐ ⭐⭐
Learning curve Medium Easy Easy

6️⃣ Installing R & RStudio

  • R → core language

  • RStudio → IDE (recommended)

📌 Always install R first, then RStudio.

7️⃣ First R Program ⭐

print("Hello, R!")

Output:

[1] "Hello, R!"

8️⃣ Basic Concepts in R

You will learn:

  • Variables

  • Data types

  • Vectors

  • Operators

  • Functions

  • Loops & conditions

  • Data frames

9️⃣ R is Case-Sensitive ⚠️

x <- 10
X <- 20

✔ x and X are different variables

🔟 Advantages of R

✔ Free & open source
✔ Best for statistics
✔ Large community
✔ Academic & industry usage

1️⃣1️⃣ Limitations of R

❌ Slower for very large data
❌ Uses more memory
❌ Not ideal for web/mobile apps

1️⃣2️⃣ R for Exams & Interviews ⭐

Commonly asked topics:

  • What is R?

  • Features of R

  • Difference between R and Python

  • Applications of R

  • Data types in R

📌 Interview Questions & MCQs

Q1. What is R?

A) Database
B) Programming language
C) Operating system
D) Web server

✅ Answer: B

Q2. R is mainly used for?

A) Web development
B) Game development
C) Data analysis & statistics
D) Mobile apps

✅ Answer: C

Q3. R is:

A) Paid
B) Open source
C) Closed source
D) Licensed only

✅ Answer: B

Q4. Is R case-sensitive?

A) Yes
B) No

✅ Answer: A

Q5. Which IDE is commonly used with R?

A) VS Code
B) Eclipse
C) RStudio
D) NetBeans

✅ Answer: C

🔥 Real-Life Use Cases

✔ Data science projects
✔ Statistical reports
✔ Research papers
✔ Business analytics
✔ Machine learning models

✅ Summary

  • R is a statistical programming language

  • Best for data analysis & visualization

  • Open source and powerful

  • Case-sensitive language

  • Widely used in academics & industry

  • Very important for exams & interviews

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